Avaliação de indicadores de monitoramento do rastreamento do câncer de mama na população do sexo feminino atendida no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, 2018-2019: estudo descritivo / Evaluación de indicadores del tamizaje de cáncer de mama en la población femenina atendida en el Sistema Único de Salud, Brasil, 2018-2019: estudio descriptivo / Evaluation of breast cancer screening indicators in the female population using the National Health System, Brazil, 2018-2019: a descriptive study

Objetivo: analisar indicadores de monitoramento do rastreamento do câncer de mama na população feminina usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, no período 2018-2019. Métodos: estudo descritivo, a partir do Sistema de Informação do Câncer; foram calculados indicadores de rastreamento após relacionamento determinístico das bases de dados de mamografia e histopatologia. Resultados: em 2018, 807.430 mulheres na faixa etária de 50-69 anos foram rastreadas, e dessas, 91% apresentaram resultado benigno, 1,8% provavelmente benigno, 6,7% inconclusivo e 0,5% sugestivo de câncer; a taxa de mamografia positiva foi de 9,0%; estimou- -se indicação de biópsia para 1,6% das mulheres, resultado maligno para 33,9% delas, e taxa de confirmação de câncer de 5,4 por 1 mil mulheres. Conclusão: identificou-se elevada perda de seguimento das lesões benignas; a taxa de mamografias positivas foi inferior ao parâmetro internacional; contudo, a taxa de detecção de câncer foi adequada, e o percentual de mamografias inconclusivas, aceitável.

Objetivo: analizar indicadores del tamizaje de cáncer de mama en población femenina atendida por Sistema Único de Salud Brasileño, de 2018-2019. Métodos: estudio descriptivo basado en Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan). Los indicadores de detección se calcularon después de vinculación determinista de bases de datos de mamografía e histopatología. Resultados: en 2018, 807.430 mujeres de 50-69 años examinaram cáncer de mama. De estos, 91% tuvo resultado benigno, 1,8% probablemente benigno, 6,7% resultado no concluyente y 0,5% sugestivo de cáncer. La tasa de mamografías positivas fue 9,0%. Se estimó indicación de biopsia en 1,6% de las mujeres, resultado maligno en 33,9% y tasa de confirmación de cáncer de 5,4 por 1.000 mujeres. Conclusión: se identificó alta pérdida de seguimiento de las lesiones benignas. La tasa de mamografías positivas fue inferior al parámetro internacional, pero la tasa de detección de cáncer fue adecuada y el porcentaje de mamografías no concluyentes aceptable.

Objetive: to analyze breast cancer screening monitoring indicators in the female population using the Brazilian National Health System, from 2018 to 2019. Methods: this was a descriptive study based on Cancer Information System (SISCAN) data; screening indicators were calculated following deterministic linkage of the mammography and histopathology databases. Results: in 2018, 807,430 women aged 50 to 69 years were screened for breast cancer, 91% of whom had a benign result, 1.8% probably benign, 6.7% inconclusive results and 0.5% results suggestive of cancer; the positive mammogram rate was 9.0%; biopsy was estimated to be indicated for 1.6% of the women, 33.9% of whom had a malignant result, and the cancer confirmation rate was 5.4 per 1,000 women. Conclusion: high benign lesion loss to follow-up was identified; the positive mammogram rate was lower than the international parameter, but the cancer detection rate was adequate and the percentage of inconclusive mammograms was acceptable.

Dados do programa do câncer do colo do útero na pandemia Covid-19 / Data from the cervical cancer program in the Covid-19 pandemic / Datos del programa de cáncer cervical sobre la pandemia Covid-19

O câncer do colo do útero é considerado um dos cânceres mais comuns entre mulheres, representando um grande problema de saúde global, sendo a quarta causa mais frequente de morte por câncer na população feminina. Mediante a um estudo quantitativo e retrospectivo de dados pré- analíticos e analíticos das requisições do exame citopatológico do colo do útero, objetivou-se avaliar os resultados de exames citopatológicos de mulheres usuárias do SUS de um município do oeste do Paraná, realizados no período antes da pandemia COVID-19, de março de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020 e durante a pandemia COVID-19, de março de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, dos exames citopatológicos alterados. Foram utilizadas as requisições de exames citopatológicos do Programa Nacional de Controle do CCU e o sistema eletrônico SISCAN como ferramentas de busca. Dentre os resultados, totalizaram-se 20.425 amostras processadas no período antes da pandemia, sendo 19.908 consideradas satisfatórias para análise oncótica, onde 1.148 (5,76%) amostras apresentaram alteração citológica. No período da pandemia, totalizaram-se 11.315 amostras processadas, sendo 11.149 amostras satisfatórias para análise oncótica, das quais 721 (6,47%) apresentaram alteração citológica. No período da pandemia, o estudo demostra que metade da população de mulheres usuárias do SUS em um município do oeste do Paraná encontra-se na faixa etária da população-alvo preconizada pelo MS, sendo que a maioria delas realizou seu exame citopatológico por motivo de rastreamento. Contudo, mesmo com a interrupção dos atendimentos eletivos, as mulheres continuaram realizando seus exames citopatológicos, sendo elucidado um discreto aumento de 0,71% das alterações citológicas no período da pandemia, quando comparado ao período anterior, demonstrando o cenário deste programa na pandemia COVID-19.

Cervical cancer is considered one of the most common cancers among women, representing a major global health problem, being the fourth most frequent cause of cancer death in the female population. Through a quantitative and retrospective study of pre-analytical and analytical data of requests for cervical cytopathological examination, the objective was to evaluate the results of cytopathological examinations of women using the SUS in a city in western Paraná, carried out in the period before during the COVID-19 pandemic, from March 2019 to February 2020, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, from March 2020 to February 2021, from the altered cytopathological exams. Requests for cytopathological exams from the National Control Program of the CCU and the SISCAN electronic system were used as search tools. Among the results, a total of 20.425 samples were processed in the period before the pandemic, 19.908 of which were considered satisfactory for oncotic analysis, where 1.148 (5,76%) samples showed cytological alterations. During the pandemic period, a total of 11.315 samples were processed, of which 11.149 were satisfactory for oncotic analysis, of which 721 (6,47%) showed cytological alterations. During the pandemic period, the study shows that half of the population of women using the SUS in a municipality in western Paraná is in the target population age group recommended by the MS, and most of them underwent their cytopathological examination due to tracking. However, even with the interruption of elective care, women continued to perform their cytopathological exams, with a slight increase of 0,71% in cytological changes during the pandemic period, when compared to the previous period, demonstrating the scenario of this program in the COVID-19 pandemic.

El cáncer de cuello uterino se considera uno de los cánceres más comunes entre las mujeres, representando un importante problema de salud mundial, siendo la cuarta causa más frecuente de muerte por cáncer en la población femenina. Mediante el estudio cuantitativo y retrospectivo de los datos preanalíticos y analíticos de los requisitos del examen citopatológico del útero, se evaluaron los resultados de los exámenes citopatológicos de las usuarias del SUS de un municipio del oeste de Paraná, realizados en el período anterior a la pandemia COVID-19, de marzo de 2019 a febrero de 2020, y durante la pandemia COVID-19, de marzo de 2020 a febrero de 2021, de los exámenes citopatológicos alterados. Se utilizaron como herramientas de búsqueda las requisiciones de exámenes citopatológicos del Programa Nacional de Control de UCC y el sistema electrónico SISCAN. Entre los resultados, un total de 20.425 muestras fueron procesadas en el período anterior a la pandemia, de las cuales 19.908 fueron consideradas satisfactorias para el análisis oncológico, donde 1.148 (5,76%) muestras presentaron alteración citológica. En el periodo de la pandemia, se procesaron un total de 11.315 muestras, de las cuales 11.149 fueron satisfactorias para el análisis oncológico, y 721 (6,47%) presentaron alteraciones citológicas. En el período de la pandemia, el estudio demuestra que la mitad de la población de mujeres usuarias del SUS en una ciudad del oeste de Paraná está en la franja de edad de la población objetivo recomendada por el MS, y la mayoría de ellas se sometió a un examen citopatológico con fines de cribado. Sin embargo, aún con la interrupción de la atención electiva, las mujeres continuaron realizando sus exámenes citopatológicos, siendo dilucidado un leve aumento de 0,71% de alteraciones citológicas en el período pandémico, cuando comparado con el período anterior, demostrando el escenario de este programa en la pandemia COVID-19.

Adherencia a las recomendaciones de prevención de la sepsis neonatal temprana asociada a la colonización por Streptococcus agalactiae en una institución de referencia en Bogotá, Colombia, 2019 / Adherence to recommendations for preventing early neonatal sepsis associated with Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in a referral center in Bogotá, Colombia, 2019

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar la adherencia a las recomendaciones de tamización para la prevención de la sepsis neonatal, describir la prevalencia de colonización por estreptococo del grupo B y los desenlaces perinatales asociados a la colonización por esta bacteria. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó gestantes a término y sus recién nacidos, en una clínica universitaria privada de alta complejidad en Bogotá, entre el 1 de julio y el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Se evaluó la adherencia a la tamización y a la profilaxis antibiótica intraparto para las gestantes colonizadas con EGB, la prevalencia de colonización y los desenlaces perinatales adversos tempranos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.928 mujeres. La adherencia a la tamización fue de 68,0 % (IC 95 %: 66-70,1), a la administración de antibióticos intraparto de 87,9 % (IC 95 %: 87,8 -88), pero hubo uso no indicado de antibióticos en 14,7 % de mujeres para una adherencia final a profilaxis antibiótica de 86,3 %. La prevalencia de colonización por EGB fue 12,5 % (IC 95 %: 10,7-14,3), la incidencia de hospitalización neonatal fue de 27,5 % (IC 95 %: 16,3-33,7); no hubo casos de mortalidad ni sepsis neonatal temprana atribuibles al estado de tamización, colonización o profilaxis antibiótica para EGB. Conclusiones: Se requieren nuevos estudios en otras instituciones para determinar la adherencia a esta guía, en especial en aquellas regiones que atienden usuarias adscritas al régimen subsidiado, con cobertura a la población más vulnerable, así como nuevos estudios poblacionales de prevalencia de EGB y costo-efectividad de la estrategia de tamización universal en comparación con la profilaxis antibiótica basada en factores de riesgo.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess adherence to screening recommendations for the prevention of neonatal sepsis, and describe the prevalence of colonization by Group B streptococcus (GBS) as well as the perinatal outcomes associated with colonization by this bacterium. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study that included pregnant women at term and their newborns, seen at a private high-complexity clinic in Bogota, between July 1 and December 31, 2019. Adherence to screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in pregnant women colonized with group B streptococcus, as well as the prevalence of colonization and early adverse perinatal outcomes were assessed. Results: Overall, 1928 women were included. Adherence to screening was 68.0 % (95 % CI: 66-70.1) and 87.9 % to intrapartum antibiotic administration (95 % CI: 87.8-88); non-indicated use of antibiotics occurred in 14.7 % of the women, for 86.3 % final adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis. The prevalence of GBS colonization was 12.5 % (95 % CI: 10.7-14.3); the incidence of neonatal hospitalization was 27.5 % (95 % CI: 16.3-33.7). There were no cases of mortality or early neonatal sepsis attributable to screening status, colonization or prophylactic antibiotics for GBS. Conclusions: Additional studies in other centers are required in order to determine adherence to this guideline, particularly in those that receive users affiliated to the subsidized regime which covers the most vulnerable population. Also, new population studies of GBS prevalence and cost-effectiveness of universal screening compared to risk factor-based antibiotic prophylaxis are needed.

Producción científica sobre validación y adaptación de instrumentos de tamizaje de la depresión en población peruana / Scientific output on validation and adaptation of depression screening instruments in peruvian population

RESUMEN: El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la producción científica sobre estudios psicométricos de instrumentos de tamizaje para la depresión en población peruana. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la literatura científica en Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SciELO, con descriptores para depresión, propiedades psicométricas y Perú. Luego del proceso de revisión se incluyeron 22 estudios. Se encontraron validaciones de instrumentos de tamizaje en adultos mayores, adultos, adultos con depresión, mujeres adultas, mujeres embarazadas, profesionales de salud, estudiantes universitarios, estudiantes de secundaria y niños. El Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) fue el instrumento más estudiado. A pesar de que los estudios psicométricos cubren la mayoría de las poblaciones, quedan pendientes los pueblos originarios y poblaciones clínicas. El PHQ-9, por sus características, podría implementarse en las políticas de salud mental del Perú.

ABSTRACT The aim of the research was to describe the scientific output of psychometric studies on screening instruments for depression in the Peruvian population. We carried out a descriptive study of the scientific literature in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and SciELO, with descriptors for depression, psychometric properties, and Peru. After the review process, we included 22 studies. We found validations of screening instruments for older adults, adults, adults with depression, adult women, pregnant women, health professionals, university students, high school students and children. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was the most widely used instrument. Psychometric studies cover most populations; however, native people and clinical populations remain to be studied. The PHQ-9, due to its characteristics, could be implemented in mental health policies in Peru.

Avaliação de exames histopatológicos do colo do útero diagnosticados como "outras neoplasias" no Sistema de Informação do Câncer, Brasil, 2013-2020: estudo descritivo / Evaluación de exámenes histopatológicos del cuello uterino diagnosticados como "otras neoplasias" en el Sistema de Información del Cáncer, Brasil, 2013-2020: estudio descriptivo / Evaluation of histopathological examinations of the cervix diagnosed as "other neoplasms" on the Cancer Information System, Brazil, 2013-2020: a descriptive study

Objetivo: descrever e reclassificar os diagnósticos de outras neoplasias de exames histopatológicos do colo do útero registrados no Sistema de Informação do Câncer (Siscan), Brasil, 2013-2020. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos diagnósticos compilados no campo "outras neoplasias malignas" do Siscan; os diagnósticos foram avaliados por patologista e reclassificados nas categorias existentes no formulário; foram calculadas frequências absolutas e relativas dos diagnósticos registrados incorretamente. Resultados: o diagnóstico "outras neoplasias malignas" representou 2,4% (n = 5.778) dos diagnósticos, dos quais 67,4% poderiam ser registrados em categorias existentes, 8,9% eram efetivamente outros tipos de neoplasias malignas, e 24,5% apresentavam resultados não compatíveis com outras neoplasias, como achados benignos ou fora do colo do útero, não disponíveis nos campos existentes. Conclusão: o campo "outras neoplasias malignas" é frequentemente utilizado de maneira inadequada, no Siscan; constata-se a necessidade de capacitar os profissionais para o adequado uso dos campos do sistema e incluir novas categorias diagnósticas no formulário.

Objetivo: describir y reclasificar los diagnósticos registrados en el campo "otras neoplasias malignas" de exámenes histopatológicos del cuello uterino en el Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan), Brasil, 2013-2020. Métodos: estudio descriptivo del campo "otras neoplasias malignas" en Siscan; estudio descriptivo de las fichas diagnósticas recopiladas en el campo "otras neoplasias malignas" en Siscan entre 2013 y 2020. Resultados: los diagnósticos histopatológicos "otras neoplasias malignas" representaron el 2,4% (n = 5.778) del total, de los cuales el 67,4% se pudo registrar en las categorías existentes, el 8,9% fueron en realidad otros tipos de neoplasias malignas y el 24,5% fueron resultados no compatibles con otras neoplasias y que no estaban incluidas en las opciones existentes. Conclusión: el campo "otras neoplasias malignas" es frecuentemente utilizado de manera inadecuada, en Siscan; existe la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales para que utilicen correctamente los campos del sistema e incluyan nuevas categorías de diagnóstico en el formulario.

Objective: to describe and reclassify cervical histopathology test result diagnoses recorded as other neoplasms on the Cancer Information System (SISCAN), Brazil, 2013-2020. Methods: this was a descriptive study based on diagnoses input to the "other malign neoplasms" field on the SISCAN; a pathologist assessed the diagnoses and reclassified them based on the categories existing on the standardized record form; absolute and relative frequencies of incorrectly recorded diagnoses were calculated. Results: histopathology test results registered as "other malign neoplasms" accounted for 2.4% (n = 5,778) of all records, 67.4% of which in fact fell into categories already existing on the form, 8.9% were indeed other neoplasms and 24.5% were results not compatible with other neoplasms and were not covered by the form categories, such as benign findings or findings outside the cervix. Conclusion: the "other malignant neoplasms" field is frequently misused on the SISCAN; the analysis highlighted the need to train professionals to use the system properly, as well as the need to include new categories on the form.

Rastreio radiológico para tuberculose em uma penitenciária do sul do Brasil / Radiological screening for tuberculosis in a prison in the south of Brazil

Introdução: Conhecer o perfil da população privada de liberdade da Penitenciária Modulada de Osório (PMO), do ponto de vista radiológico e estimar a prevalência da tuberculose ativa no presídio.Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de 677 radiografias de tórax obtidas para rastreio de tuberculose e de dados da ficha de atendimento do setor de Radiologia no período de julho a outubro de 2019.Resultados: Foram detectadas 150 radiografias alteradas, o que representa 22% dos 677 exames. Dos 150 exames alterados, 109 (16% do total e 72% dos alterados) apresentavam lesões com características de doença granulomatosa. Dos 677 pacientes, 11,5% referiram tratamento atual ou prévio para tuberculose e estes representam 38% dos casos com radiografias alteradas. Foram detectados 50 pacientes sem história prévia de tuberculose com lesões de aspecto muito provavelmente devido a tuberculose com características de doença ativa (7,3% do total), os quais foram encaminhados para investigação como casos novos. Em relação ao questionário aplicado, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os pacientes que referiam ou negavam tosse entre os com exames normais e alterados.Conclusões: Os indivíduos privados de liberdade apresentaram alta prevalência de alterações radiológicas com aspecto sugestivo de doença granulomatosa. Estes achados permitem inferir que na Penitenciária Modulada de Osório há elevada prevalência de tuberculose, provavelmente em níveis semelhantes a outras casas prisionais do Brasil.

Introduction: To determine the radiologic profile of 'the prisoners at Osório Modular Prison and estimate the prevalence of active tuberculosis in the institution.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 677 chest radiographs obtained for tuberculosis screening and data from the medical records of prisoners seen at the Radiology Department from July to October 2019.Results: Of 677 radiographs, 150 (22%) showed abnormalities. Of these, 109 (16% of total or 72% of abnormal radiographs) showed lesions characteristic of granulomatous disease. Of all 677 patients, 11.5% reported current or previous treatment of tuberculosis, accounting for 38% of all abnormal radiographs. Fifty patients with no previous history of tuberculosis had lesions that were most likely due to active tuberculosis (7.3% of total), and were referred for further investigation as new cases. The responses to the questionnaire revealed no significant difference between patients who reported or denied coughing when comparing those with normal vs abnormal radiographs.Conclusions: Individuals deprived of liberty had a high prevalence of radiologic abnormalities suggestive of granulomatous disease. These findings allow us to infer that there is a high prevalence of tuberculosis at Osório Modular Prison, probably at levels comparable to those of other prison facilities in Brazil.

Cirugia biliar en época de pandemia Experiencia del Hospital de Clínicas "Pte. Nicolás Avellaneda" - (Tucumán-Argentina). / BILIARY SURGERY IN A TIME OF PANDEMIC AT THE CLINICAL HOSPITAL "Pte. NICOLAS AVELLANEDA" TUCUMAN, ARGENTINA

Antecedentes: La rápida diseminación mundial de la enfermedad COVID-19 llevó a declarar la Emergencia Sanitaria, en Argentina se decretó el Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio el 20 de Marzo, siguiendo con estos lineamientos Tucumán tuvo que adaptarse reestructurando su Sistema Provincial de Salud, quedando el Hospital de Clínicas Pte. Nicolás Avellaneda, como único hospital polivalente para patologías prevalentes. Objetivo: Mostrar el manejo quirúrgico integral mininvasivo de la patología biliar (laparoscópico, endoscópico, percutáneo y combinado), con plena vigencia de la CMA en este momento de Pandemia, durante el periodo del 20 de Marzo al 29 de Mayo del 2020. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal, de la patología quirúrgica biliar a quienes se le realizó Cribado Epidemiológico, exámenes preoperatorios, de ser necesaria una Tomografía Computada de Tórax; con Consentimiento Informado. Resultados: En el periodo estudiado, en el contexto de la pandemia se realizaron 51 intervenciones de la vía biliar; las vías de abordaje de elección fueron de cuatros tipos, según el orden de frecuencia: laparoscópico 65%, combinado 25%, endoscópico 8% y percutáneo 2%, con la modalidad de CMA (Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria) se realizó 20% y 80% con internación hospitalaria, de los cuales tuvieron un promedio de un día y medio de estadía postoperatorio. Conclusión: La aparición de la Pandemia nos dió la oportunidad de incorporar nuevas técnicas mininvasivas y fortalecer la CMA. Para poder realizar esta labor, es necesario priorizar la seguridad en el entorno de trabajo y la atención de los pacientes.

Health Emergency, in Argentina Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation was decreed on March 20, following these guidelines Tucumán had to restructure its Provincial Health System, leaving the Hospital Clinicas Pte. Nicolás Avellaneda, as the only multipurpose hospital for prevalent pathologies. Objective: To show the comprehensive minimally invasive surgical management of biliary pathology (laparoscopic, endoscopic, percutaneous, and combined), with full effect of the CMA at this time of the Pandemic, during the period from March 20 to May 29, 2020. Material and Methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study of biliary surgical pathology for those who underwent Epidemiological Screening, preoperative examinations, if necessary, a Computed Tomography of the Thorax; with Informed Consent. Results: In the period studied, 51 bile duct problems were performed in the context of the pandemic; the approach routes of choice were of four types, according to the order of frequency: laparoscopic 65%, combined 25%, endoscopic 8% and percutaneous 2%, with the flexibility of CMA (Major Ambulatory Surgery) performed 20% and 80% with hospitalization, of which they had an average of one and a half days of postoperative stay. Conclusion: The appearance of the Pandemic gave us the opportunity to incorporate new minimally invasive techniques and strengthen the CMA. In order to carry out this work, it is necessary to prioritize safety in the work environment and patient care

Rastreio do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em gestantes / Seguimiento del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en mujeres embarazadas / Screening of alcoholic consumption in pregnant women

RESUMO Objetivo: rastrear o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em gestantes atendidas na atenção primária do Piauí, Brasil. Método: estudo transversal com 75 gestantes atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde de cinco municípios piauienses. Aplicaram-se questionários sobre características socioeconômicas, condições de saúde e o instrumento Alcohol Use Desorders Identification Test. Utilizou-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Science para análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: a prevalência do consumo de álcool nos últimos 12 meses foi de 40,0%, 80,0% com uso de baixo risco e 20,0% com uso de risco. Houve predomínio da faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, não brancas, católicas, com companheiro, oito anos ou mais de estudo, renda inferior ou igual a dois salários mínimos, sem gestação anterior e morbidades. Conclusão: a prevalência é considerada elevada, com padrão de consumo mensal e semanal e em gestantes jovens. O rastreio do consumo de álcool entre mulheres em idade fértil deve ser considerado ação prioritária, pela possibilidade de redirecionar práticas com foco nas medidas de intervenção.

RESUMEN Objetivo: efectuar el seguimiento del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en unidades de atención primaria de salud de Piauí, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal con 75 mujeres embarazadas atendidas en unidades básicas de salud de cinco municipios de Piauí. Se aplicaron cuestionarios sobre características socioeconómicas, condiciones de salud y la Prueba de identificación de los trastornos por consumo de alcohol. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el paquete estadístico para el software de Ciencias Sociales. Resultados: la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en los 12 últimos meses era del 40.0%, 80.0% con uso de bajo riesgo y 20.0% con uso de riesgo. Hubo un predominio del grupo de edad de 20 a 29 años, no blanco, católico, con pareja, ocho o más años de estudio, ingresos menores o iguales a dos salarios mínimos, sin embarazo ni morbilidades previas. Conclusión: la prevalencia se considera alta, con patrón de consumo semanal y mensual, en mujeres jóvenes embarazadas. La detección de consumo de alcohol entre mujeres en edad fértil debe considerarse una acción prioritaria, debido a la posibilidad de redireccionar las prácticas centradas en las medidas de intervención.

ABSTRACT Objective: to screen the alcoholic consumption in pregnant women assisted in primary care in Piauí, Brazil. Method: this is a cross-sectional study with 75 pregnant women assisted at basic health units in five municipalities in Piauí. We applied Questionnaires about socioeconomic characteristics, health conditions, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. We used the Statistical Package for the Social Science software for descriptive statistical analysis. Results: the prevalence of alcohol consumption in the last 12 months was 40.0%, 80.0% with low-risk use, and 20.0% with risk use. The age group was predominant from 20 to 29 years old, non-white, Catholic, with a partner, eight years or more of study, income less than or equal to two minimum wages, without previous pregnancy and morbidities. Conclusion: the prevalence is considered high, with a monthly and weekly consumption pattern and in young pregnant women. The screening of alcohol consumption in women of childbearing age should be considered a priority action due to the possibility of redirecting practices with a focus on intervention measures.

Validação do protocolo de avaliação miofuncional orofacial MBGR para adultos com disfunção temporomandibular com deslocamento de disco com redução / Validation of the MBGR orofacial myofunctional assessment protocol for adults with temporomandibular disorders with disc displacement with reduction

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo visou validar o Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial MBGR para adultos com DTM. Método Participaram 30 adultos, sendo 15 com DTM (deslocamento de disco com redução segundo o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) e 15 Controles. O processo de validação envolveu a validade de conteúdo, de critério e de construto, além da concordância inter e intra-avaliador, sensibilidade e especificidade. Considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Foram confirmadas as validades de conteúdo, visto que o Protocolo MBGR abarca todas as questões funcionais presentes em indivíduos com DTM; de critério, com correlações significantes entre o MBGR e AMIOFE; e de construto, diferenciando indivíduos com e sem DMO quanto à dor à palpação e mobilidade mandibular, com correlação significante entre a avaliação clínica do MBGR e o uso do algômetro digital, bem como confirmação do exame instrumental para a classificação do modo respiratório. A força de concordância variou de pobre a muito boa para a análise interavaliador e de razoável a muito boa para intra-avaliador. Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade foram elevados. Conclusão O Protocolo MBGR mostrou-se válido para aplicação em adultos com DTM com deslocamento de disco com redução e controles, contemplando todos os aspectos que possibilitam a análise das condições oromiofuncionais nesses indivíduos.

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed at validating the MBGR Orofacial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol (MBGR Protocol) for adults with Temporal Mandibular Disorders (TMD). Methods The study sample was composed of 30 adults: 15 with TMD (disc displacement with reduction according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) and 15 control individuals. The validation process encompassed the content, criterion, and construct of the protocol, as well as its inter- and intra-rater agreement levels and sensitivity and specificity values, considering a 5% statistical significance level. Results The following validities were confirmed: of content, as the MBGR Protocol covers all functional issues present in patients with TMD; of criterion, with significant correlations between the MBGR and Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES) protocols; of construct, differentiating individuals with and without Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders (OMD) as for pain on palpation and mandible range of motion, with significant correlation between the MBGR clinical evaluation and that using a digital algometer, as well as confirmation of the instrumental assessment for the breathing mode classification. Agreement ranged from poor to very good and from reasonable to very good for the inter- and intra-rater power analyses, respectively. High sensitivity and specificity values were observed. Conclusion The MBGR Protocol proved to be valid for use in adults presented with TMD with disc displacement with reduction and controls, covering all aspects that enable the analysis of OMD in these individuals.

Análise dos coeficientes de exames citopatológicos realizados e alterados no Paraná / Analysis of the coefficients of cytological examination performed and altered in Paraná / Análisis de los coeficientes de examenes citopatológicos realizados y cambios en Paraná

Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento dos coeficientes de exames citopatológicos realizados e alterados em mulheres Paranaenses no período de 2006 a 2014. Método: Estudo transversal do tipo ecológico, utilizou dados do Sistema de Informação do Câncer do Colo do Útero, segundo faixa etária de 15 a 59 anos. Foi calculada a razão entre o número de casos de câncer de colo uterino, segundo a faixa etária, e mulheres paranaenses da mesma faixa etária, divididos por 100.000. Resultados: Apresentaram-se segundo estatística descritiva, utilizando gráficos e tabelas. Mostraram um aumento de exames realizados nas faixas etárias 15-19 e 50-59 anos, e quedas nas centrais, 20-49 anos. Os exames alterados aumentaram no período estudado nas faixas de 15-19 e 30-49 anos, e caíram nas demais. Conclusão: O estudo evidencia uma mudança no perfil daquelas que procuram o exame citopatológico, com aumento da busca pelas jovens, assim como de exames alterados nas mesmas

Objective: Analyze the behavior of the coefficients of cytological examination performed and altered in women from Paraná between 2006 and 2014. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the ecological type used data from the Cervical Cancer Information System, according to the age range of 15 to 59 years old. The ratio between the number of cervical cancer cases according to age group and women of the same age group, divided by 100,000, was calculated. Results: Were presented according to descriptive statistics, using graphs and tables. Conclusion: There was an increase in the number of examples performed in the 15-19 and 50-59 age groups, and in the age group 20-49. The altered exams increased in the studied period in the groups 15-19 and 30-49 and fell in the others. The study evidences a change in the profile of those who seek the cytological examination, with an increase in the demand by the younger, as well as altered exams in the same ones

Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento de los coeficientes del examen citológico realizado y alterado en mujeres de Paraná entre 2006 y 2014. Método: Estudio transversal del tipo ecológico utilizó datos del Sistema de Información del Cáncer Cervical, de acuerdo con el rango de edad de 15 a 59 años de edad. Se calculó la relación entre el número de casos de cáncer cervical según el grupo de edad y las mujeres del mismo grupo de edad, dividido por 100.000. Resultados: Se presentaron de acuerdo con estadísticas descriptivas, usando gráficos y tablas. Hubo un aumento en el número de exámenes realizados en los grupos de 15-19 y 50-59 años, y en los grupos de edad de 20-49. Los exámenes alterados aumentaron en el período estudiado en los grupos 15-19 y 30-49 años y disminuyeron en los otros. Conclusión: El estudio evidencia un cambio en el perfil de quienes buscan el examen citológico, con un aumento en la demanda por parte de los más jóvenes, así como también exámenes alterados en los mismos

A continuous fall of PSA use for prostate cancer screening among Brazilian doctors since 2001. Good or bad notice?

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the trend of use of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) for screening of prostate cancer (PC) among Brazilian doctors, from the beginning of its regular availability in clinical laboratories. Material and Methods: A serial cross-sectional study was performed using data obtained from a large database between 1997 and 2016. The general PSA screening trend during this period, adjusted for the total number of exams performed in men, was analyzed. Time-series analysis was performed through observation of the general regression curve using the generalized least squares method, and the impact of the recommendations was assessed with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. Results: During the period studied 2,521,383 PSA determinations were done. The age of the participants ranged from 21 to 111 years, with an average of 56.7 ± 22.7 years. The relative number of PSA tests/100.000 exams in males showed a constant reduction since 2001, and this trend was more evident in the group aged 55-69 years. Although statistically significant, the impact of reduced PSA screening after the 2012 USPSTF publication was clinically irrelevant. Conclusions: Our results indicated a continuous reduction in the use of PSA screening over time, regardless of the publication of recommendations or clinical guidelines. The fact that this trend was more pronounced among those with a greater benefit potential (55-69 years), relative to groups with a greater damage potential due to overdiagnosis and overtreatment (aged >74 years and <40 years), is a matter of concern. Follow-up studies of these trends are advisable.

El impacto de la prueba de VPH en los programas de tamizaje en América Latina: el caso de Argentina / The impact of the HPV test in screening programs in Latin America: The case of Argentina

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la prueba de VPH (prueba de VPH) en los problemas que históricamente afectaron al tamizaje de cáncer cervical en América Latina, tomando como caso al Proyecto Demostración para la Introducción de la prueba de VPH en Jujuy (PDJ), Argentina. Material y métodos: Se sintetizó la evidencia sobre los problemas del tamizaje cervical en la región. Se analizó el impacto en los problemas a partir de la introducción de la prueba de VPH. El impacto se clasificó en directo/indirecto y positivo/negativo. Resultados: El impacto directo-positivo se dio en los problemas de adherencia a la edad/frecuencia de tamizaje, laboratorios de citología, baja/moderada sensibilidad de la citología y baja cobertura. El impacto directo-negativo se vinculó con el triaje de autotoma y el envío/etiquetado de muestras. El impacto indirecto-positivo se relacionó con la reorganización programática realizada para introducir la prueba de VPH. Conclusiones: La prueba de VPH representa una ventana de oportunidad para el mejoramiento del tamizaje pero no resuelve los problemas programáticos.

Abstract: Objective: To assess the impact of HPV testing on longstanding problems faced by screening programs in Latin America, using the case of the Jujuy Demonstration Project (JDP) in Argentina. Materials and methods: The study measured the level of impact produced by the introduction of HPV-testing on problems faced by cytology programs by analyzing modifications on specific problems produced during the JDP. Impact was classified as direct/indirect, and positive/ negative. Results: Direct/positive impact was found in issues concerning age and screening frequency, cytology laboratories and screening sensitivity, and low coverage. Direct/negative impact was mainly related to the adherence to triage cytology by HPV+ women with self-collected-tests, and the delivery and labelling of samples. Indirect impact of HPV-Test was mostly positive, and related to the programmatic reorganization which was facilitated by the introduction of HPV testing. Conclusions: HPV testing provides an opportunity window for improving primary screening, but does not solve programmatic problems.

Factores asociados a la realización de mamografía en mujeres peruanas: análisis de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2018 / Use of mammography in Peruvian women: An analysis of the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey

INTRODUCCIÓN En Perú, el cáncer de mama es la segunda neoplasia más prevalente y la tercera causa neoplásica de mayor mortalidad en mujeres. La implementación de programas de tamizaje mediante mamografías ha reducido considerablemente la mortalidad por cáncer de mama en países de altos ingresos. OBJETIVOS Analizar los factores bio-sociodemográficos asociados a la realización de mamografías en mujeres peruanas de 40 a 59 años. MÉTODOS Análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2018 realizada en Perú. La muestra de representatividad nacional consistió en 4822 mujeres de 40 a 59 años. Se consideró como variable principal la realización de una mamografía en los últimos 24 meses, con lo cual se calcularon proporciones ponderadas y razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas. RESULTADOS El 16,9% de las mujeres encuestadas reportó la realización de mamografía. La mayor proporción de realización de mamografías se encontró en mujeres con nivel educativo superior (30,1%), mayor quintil de riqueza (34,2%) y aquellas provenientes de ciudad tipo capital (26,9%). El análisis multivariado mostró que solo el mayor quintil de riqueza (razón de prevalencias: 5,75; intervalo de confianza 95%: 2,97 a 11,15) comparado con el menor quintil, y el grupo etario de 55 a 59 años (razón de prevalencias: 1,83; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,31 a 2,55) comparado con mujeres de 40 a 44 años; estuvieron asociados significativamente con la realización de mamografías en los últimos 24 meses. CONCLUSIONES La realización de mamografía como examen preventivo de cáncer de mama en Perú aún es baja en comparación a otros países. La asociación de la realización de mamografía con el quintil de riqueza evidencia las desigualdades de acceso a salud preventiva en el país.

INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the second most prevalent neoplasm in women after cervical cancer in Peru. It is also the third leading cause of female mortality. The implementation of screening programs using mammography has led to a considerable reduction in the mortality of this cancer in high-income countries. OBJECTIVES To analyze the factors associated with mammography use in Peruvian women between the ages of 40 and 59. METHODS Secondary analysis of the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey in Peru. The national representative sample consisted of 4822 women between the ages of 40 and 59. The main outcome was the use of mammography during the last 24 months, with which we calculated percentages and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). RESULTS 16.9% of the surveyed women reported a mammography exam. A higher proportion of mammography use was observed in women with a higher level of education (30.1%), higher wealth quintile (34.2%) and those from capital cities (26.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that only the highest wealth index quintile (prevalence ratio: 5.75; 95% confidence interval: 2.97 to 11.15) compared to the lowest quintile; and the 55 to 59 age group (prevalence ratio: 1.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.31 to 2.55) compared to the 40 to 44 age group, were significantly associated with mammography. CONCLUSIONS The use of mammography as a preventive examination for breast cancer in Peru is still low compared to other countries. The association of mammography with the better-off quintile shows the inequalities of access to preventive health in the country.

Seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi infection among blood donors in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease (CD) affects 5.7-7.0 million individuals worldwide, and its prevalence reached 25.1% in the state of Bahia, Brazil. There is an association between the prevalence of CD, the socioeconomic status of the population, and the risk of re-emergence due to non-vectorial transmission, such as blood transfusion. This study determined the seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection among blood donors in the state of Bahia, located in northeastern Brazil, and their epidemiological profile during a 10-year period. METHODS: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a database review. Data were collected from patients with non-negative results for T. cruzi infection during a 10-year period. RESULTS: A total of 3,084 (0.62%) samples were non-negative for T. cruzi infection in an initial serological screening, and 810 (0.16%) samples were non-negative in the second screening. The correlation between infection and age (30 years or older) and between infection and lower educational level (12 years or less) in the first and second screening was statistically significant. The seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection was higher in men in the first screening. In addition, 99.52% of the municipalities of Bahia had at least one case of CD. Livramento de Nossa Senhora and Salvador presented the highest disease prevalence and recurrence, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in these populations was lower than that found in other studies in Brazil but was comparatively higher in densely-populated areas. The demographic characteristics of our population agreed with previous studies.

Evaluation of delirium in aged patients assisted at emergency hospital service / Evaluación del delirium en pacientes ancianos tratados en un servicio hospitalario de urgencias / Avaliação do delirium em idosos atendidos em um serviço hospitalar de emergência

ABSTRACT Objective: identify the occurrence of delirium in aged patients assisted in emergency services and verify its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Method: cross-sectional, prospective study with a quantitative approach. Two hundred aged hospitalized patients participated. The Confusion Assessment Method was used for data collection. For statistical analysis, chi-square tests, likelihood ratio and Fisher's test were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: male gender and mean age of 71.8 years were predominant. In the first 24 hours of hospitalization, 56 (28%) aged individuals presented delirium. An association of the disease with lack of physical activity, presence of a caregiver, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cerebrovascular diseases was identified. Conclusion: Delirium was associated with no physical activity, the need of a caregiver, and the presence of comorbidities. The importance of conducting other studies that may lead to early identification of the condition to prevent its complications is emphasized.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la ocurrencia de delirio en pacientes ancianos tratados en los servicios de urgencias y verificar su relación con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Método: estudio transversal prospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron doscientos pacientes ancianos hospitalizados. Se utilizó el método de Confusion Assessment para la recopilación de datos. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron testes de Chi-cuadrado, cociente de probabilidad y prueba de Fisher, con un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: predominaron el sexo masculino y la edad media de 71,8 años. En las primeras 24 horas de hospitalización, 56 (28%) ancianos presentaron delirio. Se identificó una relación entre la enfermedad y la falta de actividad física, la presencia de un cuidador, la hipertensión, la dislipidemia y las enfermedades cerebrovasculares. Conclusión: El delirio se asoció con la falta de actividad física, la necesidad de un cuidador y la presencia de comorbilidades. Se enfatiza la importancia de realizar otros estudios que puedan conducir a la identificación temprana de la afección para prevenir sus complicaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a ocorrência de delirium em idosos atendidos em serviço de emergência e verificar sua relação com as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Método: estudo transversal, prospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 200 idosos internados. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se o instrumento Confusion Assessment Method. Para as análises estatísticas, utilizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado, razão de verossimilhança e teste de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: foram predominantes o sexo masculino e idade média de 71,8 anos. Nas primeiras 24 horas de internação, 56 (28%) idosos apresentaram delirium. Foi identificada relação da doença com falta de prática de atividade física, presença de cuidador, hipertensão, dislipidemia e doenças cerebrovasculares. Conclusão: o delirium foi associado à não realização de atividade física, à necessidade de um cuidador e à presença de comorbidades. Ressalta-se a importância da realização de outros estudos que possam levar à identificação precoce do quadro para prevenção de suas complicações.

Sobrerrastreio mamográfico: avaliação a partir de bases identificadas do Sistema de Informação do Câncer de Mama (SISMAMA) / Mammographic over-screening: evaluation based on probabilistic linkage of records databases from the Breast Cancer Information System (SISMAMA) / Exceso de pruebas mamográficas: evaluación a partir de las bases identificadas en el Sistema de Información del Cáncer de Mama (SISMAMA)

Resumo: No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde recomenda o rastreamento mamográfico bienal para mulheres entre 50-69 anos. Como o rastreamento é oportunístico no país, a periodicidade efetiva varia. Esse estudo visou a testar metodologia para a estimação do sobrerrastreio por periodicidade excessiva, definido como intervalo entre exames menores que o preconizado e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Trata-se de uma coorte de mulheres com mamografia de rastreamento de resultado normal em 2010, obtida por relacionamento probabilístico valendo-se das bases identificadas do SISMAMA. Foram utilizados dados referentes a mulheres residentes na microrregião de saúde de Juiz de Fora/Lima Duarte/Bom Jardim, Minas Gerais, Brasil, acompanhadas no Sistema até o fim de 2012. A taxa de sobrerrastreio foi de 150/mil mulheres/ano (IC95%: 144,9-155,9), atingindo 21% das mulheres. O sobrerrastreio aumentou 24% durante as campanhas Outubro Rosa (HR ajustada = 1,24; IC95%: 1,15-1,35). Quanto menor o tempo desde a última mamografia, maior foi a chance de sobrerrastreio. Em relação a mulheres que nunca tinham feito mamografia anterior a 2010, as que fizeram há 2 anos foram 2 vezes mais sobrerrastreadas (HR ajustada = 2,01; IC95%: 1,74-2,31) e há ≤ 1 ano 3 vezes mais (HR ajustada: 3,27; IC95%: 2,87-3,73). Nessa população, o sobrerrastreio foi substancial, expondo excessivamente as mulheres aos riscos do rastreamento sem benefício adicional e superestimando a cobertura mamográfica. A metodologia mostrou-se efetiva e deve ser aplicada em populações representativas para orientar políticas de controle de câncer de mama.

Abstract: The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends biennial mammographic screening for women aged between 50 and 69 years. Since screening is opportunistic in the country, the actual periodicity varies. This study sought to test a methodology for estimating over-screening due to excessive periodicity, defined as a smaller than recommended interval between exams, and its association with socio-demographic characteristics. A cohort of women who underwent mammography in 2010, and whose result was normal, was assembled through probabilistic linkage SISMAMA records based on a set of personal identifiers. We used data from women living in the micro health region of Juiz de Fora/Lima Duarte/Bom Jardim, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, who were followed in the System until the end of 2012. The rate of over-screening was 150/1,000 women/year (95%CI: 144.9-155.9), affecting 21% of women. Over-screening increased by 24% during Pink October campaigns (adjusted HR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.15-1.35). The shorter the time passed since the last mammogram, the greater the odds of over-screening. Compared with women who had never had a mammogram prior to 2010, women who had had one in the previous 2 years were two times more likely to be over-screened (adjusted HR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.74-2.31) whilst those who had had a mammogram ≤ 1 year previously were three times more likely to be over-screened (adjusted HR = 3.27; 95%CI: 2.87-3.73). Over-screening was substantial in this population, excessively exposing women to the risks of screening with no additional benefits and overestimating mammogram coverage. The methodology proved to be successful and should be applied to representative populations in order to guide breast cancer control policies.

Resumen: En Brasil, el Ministerio de Salud recomienda pruebas mamográficas bienales para mujeres entre 50-69 años. Como las pruebas se realizan ocasionalmente en el país, la periodicidad efectiva varía. El objetivo de este estudio fue probar la metodología para la estimación del exceso de pruebas por periodicidad excesiva, definido como un intervalo menor entre exámenes que el preconizado, y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas. Se trata de una cohorte de mujeres con mamografías para la detección de cáncer con un resultado normal en 2010, obtenida mediante relación probabilística, haciendo uso de las bases identificadas del SISMAMA. Se utilizaron datos referentes a mujeres, residentes en la microrregión de salud de Juiz de Fora/Lima Duarte/Bom Jardim, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, a quienes se les realizó un seguimiento en el sistema hasta finales de 2012. La tasa de exceso pruebas fue de 150/1.000 mujeres/año (IC95%: 144,9-155,9), alcanzando un 21% de las mujeres. El exceso de pruebas aumento un 24% durante las campañas Octubre Rosa (HR ajustada = 1,24; IC95%: 1,15-1,35). Cuanto menor era el tiempo desde la última mamografía, mayor fue la oportunidad de exceso de pruebas. En relación con mujeres que nunca se habían hecho una mamografía anterior a 2010, en quienes se la hicieron hace 2 años hubo 2 veces más exceso de pruebas (HR ajustada = 2,01; IC95%: 1,74-2,31) y hace ≤ 1 año 3 veces más (HR ajustada = 3,27; IC95%: 2,87-3,73). En esta población, el exceso de pruebas fue sustancial, exponiendo excesivamente a las mujeres a los riesgos de la detección sin beneficio adicional y sobrevalorando la cobertura mamográfica. La metodología se mostró efectiva y se debe aplicar en poblaciones representativas para orientar políticas de control de cáncer de mama.

Barreras identificadas por el personal de salud para el tamizaje del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana en población indígena de la amazonía peruana / Barriers identified by the health staff for the screening of human immunodeficiency virus in indigenous populations of the peruvian amazon

RESUMEN Objetivos. Describir las barreras identificadas por el personal de salud para el tamizaje de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) a población indígena en establecimientos de salud de cuatro regiones de la Amazonía peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio mixto. La fase cualitativa fue de tipo exploratoria y la fase cuantitativa se basó en un estudio descriptivo transversal de carácter exploratorio. Se seleccionaron 87 establecimientos en los que se aplicó una encuesta, además se realizaron 51 entrevistas a personal de salud de algunos de los establecimientos. Las entrevistas fueron codificadas mediante el software Atlas.ti 7.0. Para las encuestas se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados. Las barreras identificadas fueron geográficas, socioculturales, y vinculadas al sistema de salud. Fue más frecuente encontrar desabastecimiento de insumos o reactivos en puestos de salud (40,0%) en comparación con los centros de salud (25,0%) y hospitales (11,1%). El principal aspecto que limitó la realización de campañas de tamizaje para el acceso a la población indígena fue la falta de presupuesto (59,3%), la falta de recursos humanos, el que las personas no acepten la toma de muestra de sangre, así como la falta de abastecimiento de insumos o reactivos para las pruebas de diagnóstico. Conclusiones. Las principales barreras identificadas por el personal de salud son en su mayoría las vinculadas al sistema de salud y de índole sociocultural. Se recomienda considerarlas para la mejora de la oferta de los servicios, así como para su adecuación cultural.

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the barriers identified by the health staff for the screening of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in indigenous populations at health centers located in four regions of the Peruvian Amazon. Materials and Methods. Mixed study. The qualitative phase was exploratory and the quantitative phase was based on a cross-sectional descriptive study of exploratory character. Eighty-seven (87) facilities were selected and a survey was applied. Additionally, 51 interviews were conducted to the health staff of some of the establishments. The interviews were codified by means of software Atlas.ti 7.0. For the surveys a descriptive statistical analysis was made. Results. The barriers identified were geographic, sociocultural, and others linked to the health system. It was more frequent to find shortage of inputs or reagents in health centers (40.0%) as compared to clinics and (25.0%) and hospitals (11.1%). The main aspect that limited the screening campaigns for indigenous population was the lack of budget (59.3%), the lack of human resources, people not accepting to have blood samples taken, as well as the lack of supplies or reagents for the diagnostic tests. Conclusions. The main barriers identified by the health staff are mostly those linked to the health system and those of a sociocultural nature. We recommend considering them for the improvement of the supply of the services, as well as for its cultural adjustment.